# 安裝最新的 Kernel，並移除舊的核心套件
請先匯入最新的核心來源，指令如下：
```shell
# rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
# rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
正在擷取 http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
正在擷取 http://elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
正在準備… ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo ################################# [100%]
```
然後安裝最新的核心 5.x 版本。
```shell
# yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
* elrepo: ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp
* elrepo-kernel: ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp
* extras: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
* updates: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
elrepo | 3.0 kB 00:00
elrepo-kernel | 3.0 kB 00:00
(1/2): elrepo/primary_db | 580 kB 00:00
(2/2): elrepo-kernel/primary_db | 2.1 MB 00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package kernel-ml.x86_64 0:5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
kernel-ml x86_64 5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 56 M
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 56 M
Installed size: 257 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
kernel-ml-5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm | 56 MB 00:05
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
Installing : kernel-ml-5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : kernel-ml-5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
kernel-ml.x86_64 0:5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo
Complete!
```
然後查詢一下目前有安裝在系統上的核心版本，指令如下：
```shell
# rpm -qa |grep kernel
kernel-tools-3.10.0-1160.66.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-1160.49.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-tools-libs-3.10.0-1160.66.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-1160.66.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-1160.53.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-1160.59.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-1160.62.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-ml-5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
```
接下來移掉舊版本的 kernel，以及其它核心的 tools、libs 套件，因為等一下要改安裝 kernel-5.18 的 libs、tools 等套件，會有衝突，故要先移除舊的，**不過要小心處理，不要移錯，不然有可能等一下開不了機！以本例來說，我們要移掉以下套件，範例如下。**
```shell
# yum remove kernel-tools-3.10.0-1160.66.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-tools-libs-3.10.0-1160.66.1.el7.x86_64
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package kernel-tools.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.66.1.el7 will be erased
---> Package kernel-tools-libs.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.66.1.el7 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Removing:
kernel-tools x86_64 3.10.0-1160.66.1.el7 @updates 337 k
kernel-tools-libs x86_64 3.10.0-1160.66.1.el7 @updates 18 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Remove 2 Packages
Installed size: 355 k
Is this ok [y/N]:確認再按 y 鍵
```
移掉後，再查詢一下目前的 Kernel 版本。
```shell
# rpm -qa|grep kernel kernel-3.10.0-1160.49.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-1160.66.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-1160.53.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-1160.59.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-1160.62.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-ml-5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
```
除了** kernel-ml-5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86\_64** 及 **kernel-3.10.0-1160.66.1.el7.x86\_64** 外，其它舊版本都可以移掉了。
```shell
# yum remove kernel-3.10.0-1160.49.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-3.10.0-1160.53.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-3.10.0-1160.59.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-3.10.0-1160.62.1.el7.x86_64
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.49.1.el7 will be erased
---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.53.1.el7 will be erased
---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.59.1.el7 will be erased
---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.62.1.el7 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Removing:
kernel x86_64 3.10.0-1160.49.1.el7 @updates 64 M
kernel x86_64 3.10.0-1160.53.1.el7 @updates 64 M
kernel x86_64 3.10.0-1160.59.1.el7 @updates 64 M
kernel x86_64 3.10.0-1160.62.1.el7 @updates 64 M
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Remove 4 Packages
Installed size: 257 M
Is this ok [y/N]:一樣確認後再按 y 鍵
```
再安裝新核心的表頭、libs 及 tools 套件。
```shell
# yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml-headers kernel-ml-tools kernel-ml-tools-libs -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
* elrepo: ftp.ne.jp
* elrepo-kernel: ftp.ne.jp
* extras: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
* updates: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package kernel-ml-headers.x86_64 0:5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo will be installed
---> Package kernel-ml-tools.x86_64 0:5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo will be installed
---> Package kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 0:5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
kernel-ml-headers x86_64 5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 1.6 M
kernel-ml-tools x86_64 5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 267 k
kernel-ml-tools-libs x86_64 5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 152 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 3 Packages
Total download size: 2.0 M
Installed size: 6.2 M
Downloading packages:
(1/3): kernel-ml-tools-5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm | 267 kB 00:00
(2/3): kernel-ml-tools-libs-5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm | 152 kB 00:00
(3/3): kernel-ml-headers-5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm | 1.6 MB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 2.6 MB/s | 2.0 MB 00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : kernel-ml-tools-libs-5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 1/3
Installing : kernel-ml-tools-5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 2/3
Installing : kernel-ml-headers-5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 3/3
Verifying : kernel-ml-headers-5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 1/3
Verifying : kernel-ml-tools-5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 2/3
Verifying : kernel-ml-tools-libs-5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 3/3
Installed:
kernel-ml-headers.x86_64 0:5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo
kernel-ml-tools.x86_64 0:5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo
kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 0:5.18.6-1.el7.elrepo
Complete!
```
最後再更新一下，確認是否還有其它更新套件。
```shell
# yum update -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
* elrepo: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com
* extras: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
* updates: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package elrepo-release.noarch 0:7.0-4.el7.elrepo will be updated
---> Package elrepo-release.noarch 0:7.0-5.el7.elrepo will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Updating:
elrepo-release noarch 7.0-5.el7.elrepo elrepo 8.6 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Upgrade 1 Package
Total download size: 8.6 k
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
elrepo-release-7.0-5.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm | 8.6 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Updating : elrepo-release-7.0-5.el7.elrepo.noarch 1/2
Cleanup : elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo.noarch 2/2
Verifying : elrepo-release-7.0-5.el7.elrepo.noarch 1/2
Verifying : elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo.noarch 2/2
Updated:
elrepo-release.noarch 0:7.0-5.el7.elrepo
Complete!
```