安裝 Apache + MariaDB + PHP(RockyLinux 9 及 Ubuntu Server 24.04)
在私有雲與檔案同步服務日益受到重視的今天，Nextcloud 成為眾多企業與機關首選的自建雲端平台方案，為了確保其穩定性與相容性，最常見的部署架構便是以 Apache 作為網頁伺服器、MariaDB 作為資料庫系統、PHP 作為應用執行環境的 LAMP 組合。
本文件將分別介紹如何在 RockyLinux 9 與 Ubuntu 24.04 上安裝與設定 Apache、MariaDB 與 PHP，為後續部署 Nextcloud 奠定穩固基礎。無論是初次接觸或欲重新部署的管理者，皆可依據本文件逐步完成基本環境建置。
安裝及設定 Apache 伺服器
- RockyLinux 9
安裝指令如下所示：
$ sudo yum install httpd mod_ssl一次連同 SSL 套件都安裝，結果如下：
Last metadata expiration check: 2:55:53 ago on Wed May 14 12:14:46 2025.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.62-1.el9_5.2 appstream 45 k
mod_ssl x86_64 1:2.4.62-1.el9_5.2 appstream 109 k
Installing dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.7.0-12.el9_3 appstream 122 k
apr-util x86_64 1.6.1-23.el9 appstream 94 k
apr-util-bdb x86_64 1.6.1-23.el9 appstream 12 k
httpd-core x86_64 2.4.62-1.el9_5.2 appstream 1.4 M
httpd-filesystem noarch 2.4.62-1.el9_5.2 appstream 12 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.62-1.el9_5.2 appstream 79 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.49-5.el9 baseos 32 k
rocky-logos-httpd noarch 90.15-2.el9 appstream 24 k
sscg x86_64 3.0.0-7.el9 appstream 45 k
Installing weak dependencies:
apr-util-openssl x86_64 1.6.1-23.el9 appstream 14 k
mod_http2 x86_64 2.0.26-2.el9_4.1 appstream 163 k
mod_lua x86_64 2.4.62-1.el9_5.2 appstream 59 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================================================================
Install 14 Packages
Total download size: 2.2 M
Installed size: 6.5 M
Is this ok [y/N]:請輸入 y 並按下 Enter 鍵進行安裝，安裝完成後，請設定預設開機啟動 Apache 伺服器及手動啟用服務。
$ sudo systemctl restart httpd
[ossii@nextcloud ~]$ sudo systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.利用 systemctl 指令查看一下相關服務的啟用情況。
$ sudo systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2025-05-14 15:12:50 CST; 52s ago
Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
Main PID: 1410 (httpd)
Status: "Total requests: 0; Idle/Busy workers 100/0;Requests/sec: 0; Bytes served/sec: 0 B/sec"
Tasks: 177 (limit: 11112)
Memory: 28.7M
CPU: 92ms
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
├─1410 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─1411 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─1412 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─1413 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
└─1414 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
May 14 15:12:50 nextcloud.ossii.com.tw systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
May 14 15:12:50 nextcloud.ossii.com.tw systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
May 14 15:12:50 nextcloud.ossii.com.tw httpd[1410]: Server configured, listening on: port 443, port 80
[ossii@nextcloud ~]$利用瀏覽器測試一下 http 及 https 服務有沒有啟用。
這樣子就完成了 apache server (RockyLinux 9)的初步安裝作業了～
- Ubuntu Server 24.04
安裝指令如下所示：
$ sudo apt -y install apache2 apache2-utils接下來會出現一大堆訊息，包含安裝及啟用各式預設的模組功能，如下所示：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
apache2-bin apache2-data libapr1t64 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap libaprutil1t64 liblua5.4-0 ssl-cert
Suggested packages:
apache2-doc apache2-suexec-pristine | apache2-suexec-custom www-browser
The following NEW packages will be installed:
apache2 apache2-bin apache2-data apache2-utils libapr1t64 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap libaprutil1t64
liblua5.4-0 ssl-cert
0 upgraded, 10 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 2,084 kB of archives.
After this operation, 8,094 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]請輸入 Y 並按下 Enter 鍵進行安裝，安裝完成後，預設就會設定開機啟動 Apache 伺服器及手動啟用服務。
接下來先啟用 Apache 的 SSL 模組，特別先提醒一下，和 RedHat / CentOS 系列的 apahce 管理不大一樣，在 RedHat / CentOS 平台中要啟用特定的模組，只要安裝好對應的模組套件，再重新啟用 httpd 服務即可，但是在 Ubuntu Server 中，除了要安裝對應的模組套件外，要額外使用 a2emod 指令來指用模組，並重新啟用 apache 服務才可啟用，不然會發生明明就裝了模組但是一定沒有啟用對應功能的情況，這部份後續會再介紹其使用方式。
$ sudo a2enmod ssl
Considering dependency mime for ssl:
Module mime already enabled
Considering dependency socache_shmcb for ssl:
Enabling module socache_shmcb.
Enabling module ssl.
See /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz on how to configure SSL and create self-signed certificates.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
systemctl restart apache2要手動啟用 SSL 的網站：
$ sudo a2ensite default-ssl.conf然後再手動重啟 Aapche 的服務。
$ sudo systemctl restart apache2先利用 netstat 指令確認服務是否有啟動(有發現 80 及 443 port 都已運作中)。
$ sudo netstat -tlnp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.54:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 565/systemd-resolve
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.53:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 565/systemd-resolve
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1005/sshd: ossii@pt
tcp6 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 1005/sshd: ossii@pt
tcp6 0 0 :::443 :::* LISTEN 1994/apache2
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1/init
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 1994/apache2利用 systemctl 指令查看一下相關服務的啟用情況。
$ sudo systemctl status apache2
● apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2025-05-14 15:18:33 CST; 6min ago
Docs: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/
Main PID: 1669 (apache2)
Tasks: 55 (limit: 2271)
Memory: 5.2M (peak: 5.4M)
CPU: 45ms
CGroup: /system.slice/apache2.service
├─1669 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
├─1671 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
└─1672 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
May 14 15:18:33 ubuntu-nextcloud systemd[1]: Starting apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server...
May 14 15:18:33 ubuntu-nextcloud apachectl[1668]: AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified d>
May 14 15:18:33 ubuntu-nextcloud systemd[1]: Started apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server.
lines 1-16/16 (END)利用瀏覽器測試一下 http 及 https 服務有沒有啟用。
安裝 PHP 8.2 版
- RockyLinux 9
因為雖然 PHP 8.12 版預設沒有已經在 RockyLinux 9 預設的套件庫中，需要先安裝 EPEL 8 及 remi 但是建議採用第三方的套件庫才可，所支援的套件內容比較完整，請先使用以下指令安裝升級版擴充的 PHP，安裝 epel-release 套件庫，指令如下所示：
$ sudo yum install epel-release
Last metadata expiration check: 0:54:14 ago on Wed May 14 16:16:33 2025.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================================================================
Installing:
epel-release noarch 9-7.el9 extras 19 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 19 k
Installed size: 26 k
Is this ok [y/N]:輸入 y 並按下 Enter 鍵繼續下載安裝，安裝完成後再另外安裝第三方套件庫：
$ sudo yum install http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-9.rpm
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 9 - x86_64 7.0 MB/s | 23 MB 00:03
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 9 openh264 (From Cisco) - x86_64 1.0 kB/s | 2.5 kB 00:02
remi-release-9.rpm 47 kB/s | 32 kB 00:00
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================================================================
Installing:
remi-release noarch 9.5-2.el9.remi @commandline 32 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total size: 32 k
Installed size: 34 k
Is this ok [y/N]:輸入 y 並按下 Enter 鍵繼續下載安裝，再更新一次 yum repo 資訊，指令如下：
$ sudo yum update
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Wed May 14 17:17:25 2025.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================================================================
Upgrading:
epel-release noarch 9-10.el9 epel 19 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================================================================
Upgrade 1 Package
Total download size: 19 k
Is this ok [y/N]:輸入 y 並按下 Enter 鍵繼續下載安裝，再次輸入 y 並按下 Enter 鍵完成安裝。
Downloading Packages:
epel-release-9-10.el9.noarch.rpm 111 kB/s | 19 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 22 kB/s | 19 kB 00:00
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 9 - x86_64 1.6 MB/s | 1.6 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0x3228467C:
Userid : "Fedora (epel9) <epel@fedoraproject.org>"
Fingerprint: FF8A D134 4597 106E CE81 3B91 8A38 72BF 3228 467C
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-9
Is this ok [y/N]:接下來請查詢 PHP 的 repo 來源版本清單，指令如下：
$ sudo yum module list php結果如下，會發現有官方的和 Remi 的來源。
Last metadata expiration check: 0:03:12 ago on Wed May 14 17:17:25 2025.
Rocky Linux 9 - AppStream
Name Stream Profiles Summary
php 8.1 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
php 8.2 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
Remi's Modular repository for Enterprise Linux 9 - x86_64
Name Stream Profiles Summary
php remi-7.4 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
php remi-8.0 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
php remi-8.1 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
php remi-8.2 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
php remi-8.3 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
php remi-8.4 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
Hint: [d]efault, [e]nabled, [x]disabled, [i]nstalled接下來直接重新將 PHP 關聯到 8.2 的模組來源，指令如下：
$ sudo yum module enable php:remi-8.2 -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:04:46 ago on Wed May 14 17:17:25 2025.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================================================================
Enabling module streams:
php remi-8.2
Transaction Summary
================================================================================================================================
Complete!再查詢一次，就發現已經啟用 PHP 8.2 的官方來源了。
Last metadata expiration check: 0:05:16 ago on Wed May 14 17:17:25 2025.
Rocky Linux 9 - AppStream
Name Stream Profiles Summary
php 8.1 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
php 8.2 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
Remi's Modular repository for Enterprise Linux 9 - x86_64
Name Stream Profiles Summary
php remi-7.4 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
php remi-8.0 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
php remi-8.1 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
php remi-8.2 [e] common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
php remi-8.3 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
php remi-8.4 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
Hint: [d]efault, [e]nabled, [x]disabled, [i]nstalled最後安裝 PHP 8.2 的指令如下：
$ sudo yum install php-cli php-fpm php-curl php-mysqlnd php-gd php-opcache php-zip php-intl php-common php-bcmath php-imap php-imagick php-xmlrpc php-json php-readline php-memcached php-redis php-mbstring php-apcu php-xml php-dom php-redis php-memcached php-memcache php-process php-sodium php-bcmath php-gmp輸入 y 並按下 Enter 鍵繼續下載安裝，完成安裝後請重新啟動 Apache 服務。
$ sudo systemctl restart httpd即完成 PHP 8.2 的安裝工作。
- Ubuntu Server 24.04
要安裝新版的 PHP 8 需要加入 Ondřej Surý (PHP 和 Debian 的首席開發人員，並維護 Ubuntu 和 Debian 套件) PHP PPA 的來源，指令如下：
基本升級
請先一次性針對整體系統進行套綿升級工作，在 RockyLinux 下我們會使用 yum 或是 dnf 的指令進行套件安裝或是升級工作，請搭配 sudo 指令進行系統更新作業。
基本升級
請先一次性針對整體系統進行套綿升級工作，在 RockyLinux 下我們會使用 yum 或是 dnf 的指令進行套件安裝或是升級工作，請搭配 sudo 指令進行系統更新作業。